PROCEEDING OF INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MULTIDISCIPLINARY STUDY
Proceeding of International Conference on Multidisciplinary Study is a scholarly proceeding that publishes selected papers presented at international conferences across diverse fields of study. This proceeding serves as a platform for disseminating ideas, research findings, and innovations that foster interdisciplinary dialogue and global academic collaboration. All published articles are contributed by academics, researchers, and practitioners and undergo a selection and peer-review process to ensure scientific quality, relevance, and meaningful contributions to the advancement of knowledge and the addressing of global challenges.
LITERATURE STUDY: OPTIMIZATION OF MOLD MACHINE SCHEDULING IN PARALLEL BY CONSIDERING SETUP TIME
Scheduling on parallel machine systems is a critical issue in modern manufacturing. This study combines two problems: (1) scheduling to maximize revenue on uniform parallel machines with major and minor setups and job splitting, and (2) minimizing makespan on two identical parallel machines that have mold constraints. The methods used include the formulation of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP), Revenue Rate (RR) Heuristic (RR-P and RR-B variants), and Branch-and-Bound as an exact method for validation on small instances. The case study uses HP Inc. production data (revenue case) and Presisi Group (mold case). Experimental results showed that RR heuristics provided an average revenue increase of 12.6% and a 17.8% reduction in makespan over manual schedules; while Branch-and-Bound provided an optimal solution for small instances with an additional 1–2% increase in revenue compared to heuristics. The results of the analysis show that the integration of work grouping strategies based on the type of setup and mold allocation is able to increase revenue significantly while reducing makespan compared to traditional scheduling methods.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ganiyun Hamid Arman Hidayatullah, R Agus Diky Riansyah, Lulu Qurota A'yun, Raissa Auryn Nasution, Mursyidah Nasasya Mulia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE, TURNOVER, PUNISHMENT AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE EMPLOYEES OF PT. SHIMANO BATAM
Research on performance is still an interesting topic in the field of human resource management. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of leadership style, turnover, punishment, and career development on employee performance at PT Shimano Batam, both partially and simultaneously. This research is a quantitative study using a descriptive design with the research site being PT.Shimano Batam. The sampling technique of this study uses a census technique with an error rate of 10%. The population of this study was 1,643 employees. The sample of this study was 94 employees. Data analysis techniques used multiple linear regression. The results showed that Leadership Style has a significant effect on the performance of employees of PT.Shimano Batam, Turnover has a significant effect on the performance of employees of PT.Shimano Batam, Punishment has a significant effect on the performance of employees of PT.Shimano Batam, Career Development has a significant effect on the performance of employees of PT.Shimano Batam. Simultaneously, Leadership Style, Turnover, Punishment, and Career Development together have a significant effect on the performance of employees at PT. Shimano Batam.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rona Tanjung, Olga Sandra Wulandari, Lidya Marta Siregar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ANALYSIS OF THE WORKING OF VARIABLE FREQUENCY DRIVE (VFD) ON THE MOTOR HOIST CRANE IN AN ELECTRIC SYSTEM TO DAMPEN SWING
This study aims to analyze the performance of Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) on three-phase crane hoist motors in reducing load swings and improving energy efficiency. The method used was a laboratory experiment with a quantitative approach, using frequency variations of 30 Hz, 40 Hz, and 50 Hz. Data was obtained through a digital gyroscope sensor and recording of current and voltage in real time. The test results show that the 40 Hz frequency provides optimal performance with good swing damping and the highest energy efficiency. VFD has been proven to be able to reduce impulsive forces during starting and stopping, shorten damping time, and reduce electrical power consumption. In addition, the use of VFD also reduces the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) value to below 5%, according to the IEEE-519 standard. These findings confirm that the integration of VFD in the hoist crane system not only improves operational stability, but also supports energy efficiency and work safety.
Copyright (c) 2026 Subayu Siburian, Rasyid Harahap, Oloan Oloan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE HONDA BEAT ESP INJECTOR ASSY ON COMBUSTION EFFICIENCY IN A 110 CC ENGINE
This study aims to evaluate the performance of the injector assembly on the Honda Beat eSP and its effect on combustion efficiency in a 110 cc engine. A common problem that occurs in fuel injection motorcycles is inaccurate fuel supply due to changes in the atomization pattern, which impacts gasoline consumption and emission characteristics. The methods used consist of testing the spray flow rate, fog pattern, fuel pressure, and measuring exhaust emissions as a direct indicator of the combustion process. Tests were conducted on standard injector conditions and on injectors that have experienced a certain service life to see the differences. The results showed that unstable atomization and decreased injector flow rate caused an increase in fuel consumption of more than 5% and an increase in HC levels in emissions. Conversely, injectors with optimal atomization patterns produced a more even air-fuel mixture and increased combustion efficiency. These findings confirm that injector performance plays a crucial role in maintaining engine performance and fuel consumption efficiency in small-capacity motorcycles.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kiki Dwi Putra Mahariyanto, Rasyid Harahap, Muhammad Irsyam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA BASED EMPLOYER BRANDING, JOB SEARCH SELF-EFFICACY, AND CAREER CENTER SUPPORT ON JOB SEEKING INTENTION AMONG GENERATION Z STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITAS ISLAM RIAU
This study examines the influence of social media–based employer branding, job search self-efficacy, and career center support on the job seeking intention of Generation Z students at Universitas Islam Riau. Using a quantitative explanatory survey design, data were collected from 228 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The measurement and structural models were analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that the model explains 70.5% of the variance in job seeking intention, indicating substantial predictive power. Social media–based employer branding emerges as the strongest predictor, followed by job search self-efficacy with a medium effect, while career center support shows a smaller yet significant influence. These findings highlight the central role of digital employer communication and personal confidence in shaping students’ readiness to engage in job-search activities, while institutional support functions as an enabling factor. The study contributes to the integration of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Social Cognitive Career Theory and offers practical implications for universities, employers, and career-service providers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sartika Eka Putri, Sri Indrastuty S, Abrar Hanif, Mustaqim Mustaqim, Ezra Deavin Ulayya https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A FORMAL ANALYSIS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS (TOC) ACROSS FOUR PRODUCTION SYSTEM MODELS: MICRO-ENTERPRISES, AGRICULTURE, FOOD PROCESSING, AND MANUFACTURING
In the application of the Theory of Constraints (TOC) as an approach to increase production capacity, operational efficiency, and profitability in various business sectors, ranging from Enterprises, Micro, Small, and Medium (MSMEs) to large-scale industries. In general, each research object has major obstacles (bottlenecks) that hinder production flow, such as limited machine capacity, long process time, and unbalanced production trajectory. The implementation of TOC is carried out through five core stages, namely identification of constraints, exploitation of constraints, subordination to other resources, evaluation, and continuous repetition of the improvement process. Various studies show that solutions such as adding machines, increasing working hours, reorganizing production flows, and optimizing scheduling are able to increase throughput, lower operational costs, and improve the fulfillment of market demand. The implementation of TOC has also been proven to be able to increase profits, both through production cost efficiency and increasing production capacity that is more in line with demand. Overall, this series of studies proves that TOC is an effective, applicative, and relevant approach to be applied to various types of businesses in order to achieve more optimal and sustainable operational performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ardiansyah Ardiansyah, Ahmaddin Iqbal, Nabillah Az-zahra, Sintia Nindia Karina, Alqorni Fentikah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MANAGEMENT ANALYSIS: EFFECTIVENESS OF PRINCIPAL EXEMPLARY BEHAVIOR IN SHAPING TEACHERS’ WORK CULTURE AT SMP NEGERI 28 BATAM
Abstract This study aims to describe the implementation of exemplary behavior within the environment of Junior High School 28 Batam and to assess its effectiveness in shaping a positive work culture. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach with data collected through observation, perception questionnaires, limited interviews, and documentation. Observations were conducted to examine discipline, communication, and involvement among school members, while questionnaires were used to gather perceptions from teachers, education staff, and students. Documentation in the form of attendance records, activity photos, and school reports strengthened the observational findings. The results indicate that both the principal and teachers consistently practice exemplary behavior, as seen in punctual attendance, polite and open communication, and active participation in school activities such as flag ceremonies, community service, character-building programs, and student events. These exemplary practices contribute to increased discipline among teachers and students, a more harmonious work atmosphere, stronger cooperation among school members, and greater motivation and responsibility in carrying out duties. The study concludes that exemplary behavior in Junior High School 28 Batam is implemented effectively and exerts a direct influence on the formation of a positive work culture. The research recommends maintaining consistency in exemplary practices, providing ongoing professional guidance, and strengthening appreciation systems for school members who demonstrate positive behavior.
Copyright (c) 2026 Salwenda Salwenda, Dahrul Aman Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF CO₂ (99.5%) AND ARGON (75% : 25%) SHIELDING ASES ON FLUX CORED ARC WELDING (FCAW)
The welding process in the oil and gas fabrication industry in Batam continues to develop, with welding serving as a core activity in this sector. Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW) has increasingly replaced Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) due to its higher deposition rate. The shielding gas commonly used in FCAW is CO₂. This study employed two types of shielding gases—pure CO₂ (99.5%) and a mixture of Argon and CO₂ (75% : 25%)—on ASTM A36 carbon steel material. The objective of this research was to evaluate the welding results based on a visual Non-Destructive Test (NDT) for both shielding gases in the 1G welding position, using AWS A5.29/SFA-5.29 E111T1-GM-JH4 filler wire with a 1.2 mm diameter. The results showed that the type of shielding gas significantly affects weld quality. The Argon–CO₂ (75% : 25%) mixture produced a thinner slag, less fume, lower spatter, and a more stable arc compared to pure CO₂ (99.5%).
Copyright (c) 2026 Rasyid Harahap, Betida Olgaria, Qomarotun Nurlaila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LITERATURE REVIEW IMPLEMENTATION AND CHALLENGES OF FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM IN ENHANCING INDUSTRY 4.0 COMPETITIVENESS
A Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) is a key paradigm in modern manufacturing, characterized as an integrated system capable of adapting to internal and external changes. Its core lies in the ability to shift to producing new products typical of small- to medium-batch manufacturing. This study integrates three main pillars of FMS: (1) Conceptualization and Flexibility Control, (2) Performance Analysis through Simulation, and (3) Integration with Industry 4.0 Technologies. Discrete-event simulation tools such as Petri Nets and Visual Slam AweSim are essential for accurate performance analysis due to the complexity of FMS component interactions. Industry 4.0 technologies, including IoT, AI, and Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMR) or Automated Guided Vehicles (AGV), further enhance overall flexibility and optimize intralogistics. However, full FMS implementation faces major challenges related to cost and complexity, particularly for Small Scale Industries (SSI). This paper provides a holistic review for understanding and leveraging FMS in the digital era.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erona Indah R, Lux Sania L, Tri Sugiharti, Idil Fitri, Fadhlurrahman Hafizh https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE YOUNG GENERATION’S OPINION REGARDING ECONOMIC PRESSURE IN THE #KABURAJADULU PHENOMENON ON SOCIAL-MEDIA
This study examines the viral hashtag #KaburAjaDulu as a form of social criticism of economic pressure, particularly felt by the younger generation in Indonesia. This hashtag reflects disappointment with the government regarding low wages and limited job opportunities domestically. As a result, many of them have begun considering working abroad for a better life, leading the hashtag to go viral. This study is a qualitative approach using digital fieldwork. This study utilizes symbolic interactionism, public space, and agenda setting in the sociology of communication subject, analyzed 150 comments from 15 posts on TikTok, Instagram, and Twitter from January to May 2025. The data was analyzed using NVivo software to identify key themes. The results show that #KaburAjaDulu has become a symbol of economic anxiety, social criticism, and the digital identity of the younger generation. Social media serves as a new space for expression and public space for expressing their emotions. This hashtag ultimately emerged and went viral, forming shared meanings that reflect public opinion on emerging social and economic issues. Therefore, this study emphasizes the importance of critical digital literacy in understanding economic anxiety and social discussions among young people in the digital age.
Copyright (c) 2026 Azzah Liddiana, Rizky Andrean https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
OPTIMIZATION OF EGG INCUBATOR TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY USING THE STC-1000 THERMOSTAT TO ACHIEVE FARMER SELF-SUFFIENCY
This study discusses the design and optimization of a poultry egg incubator system using an STC-1000 digital thermostat as the primary temperature controller and an automatic humidification system to maintain optimal humidity during the incubation process. The objective of this research was to design a simple, cost-effective, and easy-to-operate device for small-scale farmers to support self-sufficiency in poultry production. The research methodology uses a laboratory experimental approach with a single-factor design, namely the STC-1000 automatic temperature control system. The incubator was designed using 4 pieces 40-watt incandescent lamp heating element, an ultrasonic humidifier, and a built-in STC-1000 temperature sensor. Tests were conducted for 21 days on 100 broiler chicken eggs. The results showed that the system maintained a stable temperature of 37–38°C with a deviation of ±0.3°C, and an average humidity of 55–60%. Of the total incubated eggs, 85% hatched, an increase of approximately 15% compared to manual methods without automatic controls. With a total construction cost of under Rp 500,000, this device has proven to be efficient, easy to use, and has significant potential to support the independence of local poultry farmers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rasyid Harahap, Mehmed Annur, Oloan Oloan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
REVISITING TURNOVER THEORIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE CENTRAL ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION
This literature review revisits the major theories of turnover by synthesizing classical and contemporary perspectives to clarify the central role of job satisfaction in shaping turnover intention. Although many prior studies have relied on direct-effect models to explain how work-related factors influence turnover, such approaches offer limited insight into the psychological processes underlying employees’ decisions to leave an organization. Drawing on Mobley’s Turnover Process Theory and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, this review highlights job satisfaction as the most consistent affective mechanism that links work experiences to the intention to leave. Contemporary constructs, such as competency development, compensation and benefit, meaningful work, and work-life balance are integrated to reflect the dynamic nature of modern work environments. The proposed conceptual model positions job satisfaction as the key mediator bridging intrinsic and extrinsic factors with turnover intention. This synthesis offers a sharper theoretical understanding of turnover dynamics and provides a foundation for future empirical research to validate the proposed model across diverse organizational contexts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ziah Nur Aisjah, Muhammad Irfan Syaebani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ECO PROCESSED POZZOLAN, MATERIAL FOR THERMAL INSULATION
The rapid growth of the palm oil industry, particularly in Indonesia and Malaysia, has led to a substantial increase in the generation of spent bleaching earth (SBE), a silica-rich waste material produced during crude palm oil refining. Eco-Processed Pozzolan (EPP), derived from thermally treated SBE, has emerged as a promising supplementary cementitious material due to its reactive silica and alumina content. This study investigates the thermal insulation performance of concrete incorporating EPP as a partial cement replacement. Two concrete types—100% OPC and a blended mix containing 70% OPC and 30% EPP—were tested using a controlled furnace exposure at 340 °C. Temperature readings were obtained using dual-channel K-type thermocouples positioned at the inner and outer walls of the specimens. Results show that the EPP-based concrete (Type Z) required a longer duration (234 minutes) to reach temperature intersection and exhibited a lower final equilibrium temperature (281.9 °C) compared to the OPC control sample (293.1 °C at 196 minutes). These findings indicate that incorporating 30% EPP enhances the thermal resistance of concrete by slowing heat transmission and lowering internal temperature rise. Overall, the study demonstrates that EPP is a viable sustainable material for improving thermal insulation performance while also supporting waste valorization in the palm oil industry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fardin Hasibuan, Mohd Kamel Wan Ibrahim, Noval Faturahman, Angga Nursasongko, Nugroho Pratomo Arianto, Badarudin Badarudin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PRESESERVATION FOR OFFSHORE WELLHEAD PLATFORM EQUIPMENT
Offshore oil and gas facilities operate under highly corrosive environmental conditions that accelerate material degradation and equipment failure. This study reviews the implementation and effectiveness of a structured preservation program applied to offshore wellhead platform equipment during construction, storage, and pre-commissioning phases. The primary objective was to maintain equipment integrity, functionality, and operational readiness while preventing corrosion, contamination, and mechanical deterioration during idle periods. The preservation methodology encompassed protective coatings, nitrogen blanketing, desiccant application, lubrication, sealing, and systematic documentation in accordance with international standards such as API RP 686, NACE SP0170, and ISO 12944. Results indicated that protective coating coverage reached 96–97% with appropriate dry film thickness, 98% of valves remained operable after cycling and greasing, and electrical insulation resistance values exceeded 200 MΩ. Nitrogen-blanketed vessels and piping maintained airtight conditions with zero leakage. The study found that the multi-barrier preservation system—combining coatings, cathodic protection, and environmental control—was highly effective in preventing corrosion and ensuring mechanical reliability.The findings highlight that structured preservation programs are not merely preventive maintenance activities but strategic components of asset integrity management that improve reliability, reduce rework, and minimize commissioning delays. Continuous monitoring, improved environmental control, and digital documentation are recommended to enhance preservation performance and support long-term sustainability in offshore operations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sukanta Sembiring, Rasyid Harahap, Oloan Oloan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DENSITY ANALYSIS AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF THE RANGA SNAIL ( SPIDER CONCH ) LAMBIS LAMBIS AND UTILIZATION BY THE COMMUNITY IN THE WATERS OF ABANG ISLAND, BATAM.
This study aims to examine the population structure, density, and distribution pattern of Lambis lambis as well as its utilization by the local fishing community on Abang Island, Batam. Data were collected using a 50-meter transect with 5 × 5 m quadrat plots, accompanied by measurements of key environmental parameters including dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, and salinity. The results show that Lambis lambis exhibits low population densities (0.012–0.028 ind/m²) and a clumped distribution pattern indicated by a Morisita Index greater than 1. DO demonstrated a positive correlation with density, whereas higher temperatures were negatively correlated, suggesting sensitivity of the species to thermal fluctuations. Interviews with fishers indicated that harvesting pressure contributes to shifts in abundance and spatial patterns. These findings highlight the influence of environmental stress and exploitation on Lambis lambis populations and provide scientific considerations for community-based management, sustainable harvesting, and conservation planning on Abang Island.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rentik Nurisma Ariani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEMS: A MECHATRONICS PERSPECTIVE REVIEW
This article discusses the evolution of engine control systems, particularly in Internal Combustion Engines (ICE), which have undergone a significant transformation from purely mechanical systems to integrated mechatronic systems. This development is driven by demands for fuel efficiency, lower emissions, and optimal performance. The research method used is a systematic literature review of recent studies in the last ten years discussing the integration of electronic components, sensors, actuators, and control units in engine management. The review results show that the mechatronic approach, embodied in systems such as Engine-by-Wire, electric Variable Valve Timing (VVT), and turbochargers assisted by electric motors, has revolutionized the precision and speed of engine control responses. The conclusion of this article affirms that the integration of mechatronics not only extends the lifespan and competitiveness of ICE in the electrification era but also serves as a crucial foundation for developing more efficient hybrid powertrains in the future
Copyright (c) 2026 Rasyid Harahap, Lindo Rivaldi Butar-Butar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
HUMAN RESOURCES AUDIT: AN EMERGING TOOL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TO ENSURE CERTIFIED LECTURE’S PERFORMANCE IN HUMAN CAPITAL INVESTMENT
Human resource audit can help mitigate risk and create more value the certified lectures for universities by focusing on their strengths and weaknesses and improving their human resource processes. An emerging tool of human resource management to ensure certified lecture’s performance is very important, it will be long term human capital investment. Human resource audit actually a total quality control check on human resource activities in a University included certified lectures, and an assessment of how these activities support the strategy of the university to achieve the goals by certified lectures. Human resource audits studied in comparative approach, the auditors choose and use another certified lecture as the model that has sound and better practices. Human resource audit intents to motivate leaders instituting best suited diagnostic techniques of assessing performance of certified lectures against target and objectives established from the professionalism and experience of their own competencies. The excellence in this research is the high degree of performance measurement to evaluate the human capital investment. Comparative method is branded as best practices approach in which the auditors apply earlier research findings or the standards set by an outside (GAAS) as a benchmark is outside authority approach. In compliance approach, the auditors review early practices of the university to determine if those practices comply with legal requirements, strategies, policies, documentations and procedures of the university, and leader set objectives in their area of responsibility in Management by Objectives (MBO) approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yentina, Hanafi Siregar, Habibuddin Nasution, Magneta Hisyam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
TRAUMA LEVEL OF CHILDREN OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 024 GALANG AFTER THE REMPANG RIOTS AFTER IMPLEMENTING TRAUMA COUNSELING USING TRAUMABOOK
The riots that took place on Rempang Island on September 7, 2023, resulted in significant psychological disturbances in students at SDN 024 Galang and SMPN 022 Batam City. The purpose of this study was to provide trauma counseling services to affected children using storytelling and play therapy methods, as well as utilizing the Trauma Book, an intervention media specifically designed to help children cope with trauma through a narrative approach and related play activities. The methods used in implementing this study included location surveys, initial socialization with the school, preparation of trauma assessment instruments, and data collection before and after the intervention was carried out. The results of the study showed a significant decrease in the level of trauma in children after they participated in the trauma counseling program. Most children who previously experienced severe trauma improved to mild to moderate trauma. This program also succeeded in increasing social participation, learning motivation, and student comfort in the school environment. In addition, school partners gained a better understanding of the importance of trauma counseling services in dealing with the negative psychological impacts of traumatic events. Based on the results of this study, the approach using Trauma Book, combined with storytelling and play therapy, is considered effective and has the potential to be applied as a trauma intervention model for children in other schools facing similar situations.
Copyright (c) 2025 Azzahra Adibah Balqis, Ahmad Yanizon, Ramdani Ramdani https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ PRONUNCIATION USING ENGLISH POP SONG IN THE SECOND GRADE STUDENTS OF SMPK SAINT YOSEF MAUBESI
The objective of this study is to know whether English pop song can improve the students’ pronunciation in vowels, consonants, and dipthongs or not. The method used in this study is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subject of this study was second grade students of SMPK Saint Yosef Maubesi which consisted of 28 students. The instrument of collecting data were test, observation, and interview. Based on the data analysis, the students’ score improved in one cycle. In the students test result, the data shows that the average score of test in first meeting students with the score 2525 (61%), in the second meeting is with the score 1985 (79,4%). Based on the obseravtion sheet, it is known that the teaching and learning process can be said succesful, because 89% of the students are able to reach the minimum completeness criteria, which is 70 and there is increase in students ‘ activity. English pop song as a media can be used by researcher in the learning procces. The difference between the first meeting and the second meeting is 18,4. This increase shows that students have good pronunciation skills if taught with good media and specific explanation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juliana Sreeshy Lutan, Desta Gloria Siahaan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
RITUAL OF “TOIT ULAN” IN MNESATBUBUK VILLAGE SOUTH CENTRAL OF TIMOR, EAST NUSA TENGGARA, INDONESIA
This research aimed to explore the significance of 'Toit Ulan' ritual, its evolution over time, and current practices. The ritual served various purposes, including expressing gratitude, conveying messages of unity, resolving conflicts, and preserving cultural heritage. The significance of the 'Toit Ulan' ritual lies in its ability to strengthen community bonds and reinforce cultural identity. Community members share their experiences, wisdom, and values with younger generations. This oral tradition helps preserve the collective memory and history of the village, ensuring its continuity for future generations. The speech ritual of 'Toit Ulan' has evolved to adapt to changing societal dynamics. While it remains deeply rooted in tradition, certain modifications have been made to accommodate contemporary needs. The 'Toit Ulan' ritual continues to be practiced during significant events like weddings, funerals, harvest festivals, and community gatherings now. The implications of the 'Toit Ulan' ritual are multifaceted. Firstly, it fosters a sense of belonging and unity, reinforcing social cohesion and collective identity. Secondly, it serves as a platform for the transmission of cultural knowledge and values, ensuring the preservation of local traditions. Lastly, the ritual provides an avenue for individuals to express their thoughts, concerns, and aspirations, contributing to community development and progress.
Copyright (c) 2025 Desta Gloria Siahaan, Aryanto Toabnani, Febronia Lasi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE EFFECT OF USING BOARD GAMES ON STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY AT EIGHTH GRADE STUDENT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL
The objective of this study is to find the effect of using board games on students' speaking ability. The research was a pre-experimental with one group pretest and post-test design. The total of population was 49 students of the eighth grades student junior high school in Batam. There were 29 student selected as the sample. The sample was selected using a simple random sampling technique. The researcher collected the data using speaking test that was applied as a pretest and posttest. The data were then calculated using a computer program, SPSS 20. For the normality test, the researcher took the results according to Shapiro-Wilk. The result showed whether the data was normally distributed. To determine the effect of using board games on students' speaking ability, the researcher analyzed the scores of the pretest and posttest, using the paired-sample T-test, and took the significant value of sig. (2-tailed) from the calculated result using SPSS 20. The results showed that the significant value sig. (2-tailed) was smaller than 0.05 = (0.000 <0.05). Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis of this study is accepted. In conclusion, there is a significant effect of using board games on students' speaking ability. Keywords: effect, board games and speaking ability.
Copyright (c) 2025 Juwita Boneka Sinaga , Rahman Yurianti, Adam Adam, Mega Aulia, Putri Khurnia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE KELULUT HONEY CULTIVATION BUSINESS IN ALOR GAJAH MELAKA MALAYSIA
International Community Service for Human Resource Development in Kelulut Honey Cultivation Business in Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia. The purpose of this International Community Service activity is to develop human resources in the Kelulut Honey cultivation business in Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia. The International Community Service method uses lectures, mentoring, and case studies. The results of the International Community Service are an increase in skills in managing human resources in the Kelulut Honey Cultivation Business in Alor Gajah Melaka Malaysia.
Copyright (c) 2025 Sri Langgeng Ratnasari, Mira Yona, Rona Tanjung, Gina Dery Destami, Syahira Dwi Santika, Fifin Asmadillah, Aminullah Assagaf, Arna Suryani, Shafinar Ismail, Rojuaniah Rojuaniah, Anggrainy Putri Ayuningrum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ASSISTANCE IN PREPARING FINANCIAL REPORTS FOR KELULUT HONEY FARMERS IN ALOR GAJAH, MELAKA
Kelulut honey farming has emerged as a promising industry in Alor Gajah, Melaka, with the potential to provide sustainable income for local farmers. However, many farmers face significant challenges in financial reporting, which affects their ability to manage their businesses effectively and access financial aid or investment opportunities. This community service project was designed to support Kelulut honey farmers in preparing accurate and structured financial reports, thereby improving their financial literacy and business acumen. The implementation involved a multi-step approach, including workshops, one-on-one guidance, and the development of customized financial templates tailored to the needs of the farmers. The results of the initiative indicated a marked improvement in financial record-keeping practices, increased awareness of financial management, and enhanced ability to secure funding. The project underscores the critical role of financial education in strengthening the sustainability and growth of small-scale agricultural enterprises.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ravika Permata Hati, Sri Langgeng Ratnasari, Ade Isyana Khairunnisa, Adam Adam, Gina Dery Destami, Mega Aulia Ardhi, Shafinar Ismail, Nur Sayidah, Yudi Prayoga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF DISCIPLINE AND ALLOWANCE GRANTING ON PERFORMANCE OFFICERS ON RANTAUPRAPAT REGIONAL HOSPITAL, LABUHANBATU REGENCY
This study aims to analyze the influence of discipline and provision of performance based allowance employee at Rantauprapat Regional Hospital Regency Labuhanbatu . Data collection techniques were conducted by interview, questionnaire. Data analysis used in this study using SPPS (Statistical Product Software Solution). Data analysis techniques in this study were descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, hypothesis testing using partial significant test (t-test), simultaneous significant test (f-test) and determination coefficient test (R2 ) . The results of this study indicate that partially (t-test) discipline has a positive and significant effect on performance. employee with a calculated t of ( 3,395 ). giving allowance has a positive and significant impact on performance employees with a calculated t of ( 4.571 ). Simultaneously, discipline and provision of allowances together have a positive and significant effect on performance employees with a calculated F of 50,551 . Through testing the coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.897 or 89.7 % which shows that the performance employees are defined by discipline and reward The remaining 10.3 % of the allowance is explained by other variables not included in this study .
Copyright (c) 2025 Pitriyani, Elvina, Dahrul Aman Harahap, Rasyid Ridho Harahap Harahap https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LEARNING MANAGEMENT WEAKNESS ANALYSIS OF THE DIGITAL LITERACY PROGRAM BASED ON MARITIME LITERACY IN MAN KARIMUN
Abstract This research aims to analyze the weaknesses in the management of the digital literacy program based on maritime literacy for students at MAN Karimun. The focus of the study includes the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the program designed to enhance students’ digital literacy skills while emphasizing the local maritime context. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document studies, and analyzed qualitatively. The results reveal several key weaknesses, including the lack of integration of maritime literacy into the digital curriculum, limited teacher training or workshops on maritime-based digital technology, and suboptimal supporting infrastructure, such as digital devices and internet access. Additionally, the involvement of local stakeholders, including the maritime community, remains minimal in supporting the success of the digitalization program. Recommendations include improving teacher training, providing adequate digital learning infrastructure, and fostering more intensive collaboration with relevant maritime stakeholders to strengthen the local context of digital literacy in the learning process. The study concludes that digital literacy based on maritime literacy will contribute to the development of education policies that are relevant to the needs of maritime regions, enabling students in these areas to better engage with the evolving digital landscape.
Copyright (c) 2025 Peri Yudianto, Febri Swendi Indra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
EFFECTIVENESS OF TEACHING FACTORY ON LEARNING OUTCOMES
Teaching Factory (TEFA) is an approach learning innovative that integrates the learning process with the world of work, designed For create ready graduates compete in the global market. In this model, students Study through the production process real below​ guidance power educators and practitioners industry. Article This analyze the effectiveness of Teaching Factory on results Study students in education vocational, with emphasize the impact on the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Research show that the Teaching Factory is significant increase understanding theory, skills practical, motivational, and preparedness Work students. With merge learning based on work world practices and approaches, this model answer challenge inequality between education and needs industry.
Copyright (c) 2025 Rasyid Ridho Harahap , Dahrul Aman Harahap, Ramses, Erwin Ashari, Asmaul Husna, Fauziah Syamsi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
FOREIGN LANGUAGE ACQUISITION (FLA) OF ENGLISH IN FACULTY OF LAW STUDENTS: ANALYSIS OF LEGAL ENGLISH ACQUISITION
Abstract This study examines the acquisition of Legal English in students of the Faculty of Law, University of Riau Kepulauan. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through questionnaires from 43 students. The results of the analysis showed that technology integration significantly supported learning (mean=3.79), with 65.1% of students reporting positive results. Professional demands (mean=3.53) and case-based learning (mean=3.51) emerged as the main motivating factors. However, students faced challenges in understanding legal terminology and sentence structure (both mean=2.95). Moderate levels of self-confidence were seen in document writing (mean=3.19) and discussion participation (mean=3.14). These findings suggest that while technology and practical approaches enhance learning engagement, basic language skills still require additional support. This study contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of Legal English education in Indonesian universities and provides insights for curriculum development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Erwin Ashari, Sirintin Pakpahan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE INFLUENCE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION, TRUST, EFFECTIVE SYSTEM, AND CORPORATE REPUTATION ON PATIENT LOYALTY AT BATAM AUTHORITY AGENCY HOSPITAL
This study aims to analyze the factors influencing patient loyalty at RSBP Batam, focusing on customer satisfaction, trust, effective systems, and corporate reputation. Employing a quantitative research approach with a deductive-inductive framework, the study surveyed 300 respondents who visited RSBP Batam more than three times in 2023, selected using Slovin's formula with a 5% margin of error. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed using classical assumption tests, multiple regression, and hypothesis testing. Results indicate that all independent variables—customer satisfaction, trust, effective systems, and corporate reputation—positively and significantly impact patient loyalty, both individually and collectively. The F-test reveals a combined influence with F = 148.026 and p < 0.05, while the adjusted R-square value of 0.525 shows that 52.5% of loyalty variation is explained by these variables. The study concludes that improving these factors enhances loyalty, with customer satisfaction and trust emerging as the most influential determinants. Recommendations include prioritizing improvements in weaker aspects of loyalty and exploring additional variables such as service quality, education level, and cost in future research. This study contributes to the literature on healthcare management by offering actionable insights to enhance patient loyalty in competitive healthcare environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Junita Elizabeth Sibuea, Edwin Agung Wibowo, Magneta Hisyam https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
MANAGEMENT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF STEM-BASED MIDDLE SCHOOL SCIENCE TEXTBOOKS ACCORDING TO THE CONTEXT OF THE MARITIME AREA
This research aims to develop a STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) based Natural Sciences (IPA) textbook that is appropriate to the maritime context. In the context of education in coastal or maritime areas, science learning needs to be adapted to the characteristics of the surrounding environment, such as marine ecosystems, natural resources, as well as the challenges and potential that exist in maritime areas. The textbook being developed is expected to increase students' understanding of science concepts through an interdisciplinary approach that integrates science, technology, engineering and mathematics. The type of research applied to achieve the research objectives is qualitative research with a descriptive/documentary interview, case study/exploratory approach. The research results show that the developed STEM-based junior high school science textbook is able to improve students' critical thinking and problem solving skills, as well as providing a deeper understanding of local maritime issues. This textbook also succeeds in encouraging students' active involvement in STEM-based experiments and projects that are relevant to everyday life in coastal areas. Overall, the development of this textbook can be an innovative alternative in enriching the junior high school science curriculum in the maritime area, as well as preparing the younger generation who are ready to face global challenges through a contextual and applicable science approach.
Copyright (c) 2025 Pusvariauwaty, Tubagus Pamungkas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE SCHOOL MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP MODEL IN CREATING A POSITIVE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AT SMPS CAHAYA MERAL
This study aims to analyze the school management leadership model implemented at SMPS Cahaya Meral in creating a positive learning environment. A positive learning environment significantly influences students' academic and character development, as well as enhances their motivation and participation in the learning process. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a case study design, involving in-depth interviews with the school principal, teachers, and staff, as well as observations of daily practices at the school. The findings reveal that the principal of SMPS Cahaya Meral applies a transformational leadership model, focusing on empowering and developing the professionalism of teachers. This leadership style also emphasizes the importance of open communication, collaborative decision-making, and the creation of an inclusive and supportive school climate. Additionally, effective resource management, integration of technology in learning, and parental involvement in school activities play key roles in fostering a conducive learning environment. This study contributes to the development of a deeper understanding of the importance of visionary and collaborative leadership in creating schools that support the holistic development of students.
Copyright (c) 2025 Amanda Handya Putri, Albert Efendi Pohan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0