THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE CONTROL SYSTEMS: A MECHATRONICS PERSPECTIVE REVIEW

Abstract

This article discusses the evolution of engine control systems, particularly in Internal Combustion Engines (ICE), which have undergone a significant transformation from purely mechanical systems to integrated mechatronic systems. This development is driven by demands for fuel efficiency, lower emissions, and optimal performance. The research method used is a systematic literature review of recent studies in the last ten years discussing the integration of electronic components, sensors, actuators, and control units in engine management. The review results show that the mechatronic approach, embodied in systems such as Engine-by-Wire, electric Variable Valve Timing (VVT), and turbochargers assisted by electric motors, has revolutionized the precision and speed of engine control responses. The conclusion of this article affirms that the integration of mechatronics not only extends the lifespan and competitiveness of ICE in the electrification era but also serves as a crucial foundation for developing more efficient hybrid powertrains in the future